{"id":5030,"date":"2020-06-05T15:05:31","date_gmt":"2020-06-05T13:05:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/?post_type=project&#038;p=5030"},"modified":"2020-10-16T11:50:06","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T09:50:06","slug":"planning-and-design-phase","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/cases\/building-with-nature-in-delta-cities-dordrecht-and-rotterdam-nl\/planning-and-design-phase\/","title":{"rendered":"Planning and design"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In the beginning of the exploration&nbsp;phase, typical elements within a river system were linked to Building with Nature-type interventions (see table) to inspire urban designers and landscape architects in the first phases of the projects. Later on, during a system analysis, the physical and ecological processes that direct the design considerations were taken into account in more detail.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Nassauhaven_impressionVandenBerg-2018.png\" alt=\"Impression of the nature friendly riverbank in Nassauhaven.\" \/><figcaption><em>Impression of the nature friendly riverbank in Nassauhaven<\/em><br><em>(image taken from Van den Berg, 2018)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the pilot Wervenpark Dordrecht,&nbsp;a&nbsp;park&nbsp;is designed&nbsp;in which&nbsp;a part will have a traditional park layout while a lower lying part&nbsp;will develop as tidal area. In the pilot Mallegatpark a tidal channel is constructed&nbsp;in connection with the recently redesigned park on shore with&nbsp;the goal to increase the experimental and natural value of the park and its surroundings (Van den Berg, 2018). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Nassauhaven pilot, a nature friendly riverbank is constructed in the Nassauhaven alongside the existing Nassauhaven park. At this location 18 floating houses will be constructed as well&nbsp;(Van den Berg, 2018). The goal of the nature friendly river bank is to increase the experimental and natural value of the park and harbour and to contribute to ecological processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exploration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/tools\/system-analysis-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">System analysis<\/a>&nbsp;was performed regarding physical, ecological, governmental and social aspects. For Wervenpark Dordrecht,&nbsp;the system analysis was done by&nbsp;a desk study, field trips and interviews with several stakeholders (De Jong and&nbsp;Van Geest, 2014). The municipality defined the locations&nbsp;based on&nbsp;nature measurements. Financial feasibility was an important criterion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A less in-depth physical system analysis has been carried out for the tidal river ranging from the North Sea till the Island of Dordrecht (De Jong et al., 2015a) including&nbsp;both the pilot of Dordrecht and the pilots in Rotterdam. One of the results that proved very helpful in the communication between the consulting companies and the municipality of Rotterdam was a&nbsp;<strong>map<\/strong>&nbsp;and a&nbsp;<strong>table<\/strong>&nbsp;(see images below) which linked typical river elements with possible Building with Nature-type interventions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though it is&nbsp;a strong simplification of the actual physical and ecological processes that direct the designing considerations, it facilitated the communication between the urban designers and landscape architects in the first phases of the project. It contributed to the general vision on what might potentially be feasible.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/ElementenRivierToepassingen2.png\" alt=\"Table linking river elements (natural and man-made) with Building with Nature interventions: which interventions are feasible at which locations?\" \/><figcaption><em>Table linking river elements (natural and man-made) with&nbsp;Building with Nature interventions: which interventions are&nbsp;feasible at which locations?&nbsp;(Adapted after image made by A. Balla and V. Beumer&nbsp;for EFRO project)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/RiverElementsImage.png\" alt=\"Map showing which physical properties can be found at different river elements.\" \/><figcaption><em>Map showing which physical properties can be found at different river elements. It distinguishes between natural elements (floodplains, inner bends, outer bends and straight banks) and man-made elements (cribs, parallel dams, floating structures, jetties, sluices, port basins, and bridges) (source: adapted after image made by A. Balla and V. Beumer for EFRO project).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pilot Wervenpark Dordrecht<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The design phase for the Dordrecht pilot was mainly carried out by urban architects, ecologists, hydro-morphologists and engineers from both the municipality of Dordrecht and consultancy firms. Several design sessions with the specialists have been organised. Their work was integrated in several meetings between the project leaders and bilateral consultation between the specialists. Also, several meetings with stakeholders were organised for the feasibility and design.&nbsp;<strong>Pilots Mallegatpark and Nassauhaven Rotterdam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the pilots in Rotterdam a different approach was used which will probably be of use for a wider audience of designers and planners. In this approach multiple design sessions were organised with not only specialists on tidal ecology and hydrology, but&nbsp;also planners, designers, architects, citizen spokesman, project purchaser, permit manager, etc from the Rotterdam team and representatives of the programm partners. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During these design sessions innovative solutions have been invented for specific problems or desires that were put forward. On top of this,&nbsp; understanding and familiarisation with the Building with Nature approach and interventions was created among the urban team. Because of the participation of the Rotterdam team and the relevant specialists many of the boundary conditions could also be determined.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Issues&nbsp;that could not be addressed or explained during the sessions were given as \u2018homework\u2019 assignments to the responsible persons. They reported back to the project-manager well before the next meeting.&nbsp;This way,&nbsp;the design manager could incorporate the findings and agreements of the last design session in an improved version of the design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pilot Wervenpark Dordrecht<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>For the pilot Wervenpark Dordrecht,&nbsp;a&nbsp;park was designed&nbsp;whereby&nbsp;a part will have a traditional (onshore) park layout while a lower lying part&nbsp;will develop as a tidal area. The design of the park is not finalized yet. Below, some considerations for the design are summarized and the current state of the design is explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"604\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Wervenpark-Dordrecht-visual-concept-604x1024.png\" alt=\"Wervenpark Dordrecht visual concept\" data-id=\"2867\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Wervenpark-Dordrecht-visual-concept.png\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/wervenpark-dordrecht-visual-concept\/\" class=\"wp-image-2867\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Wervenpark-Dordrecht-visual-concept-604x1024.png 604w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Wervenpark-Dordrecht-visual-concept-177x300.png 177w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Wervenpark-Dordrecht-visual-concept.png 755w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Impression of the tidal park in Dordrecht (provisional design) (source: Municipality of Dordrecht)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/stadswerven-biesbosch-1086x1536-1-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Wervenpark Dordrecht tekening concept\" data-id=\"9780\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/stadswerven-biesbosch-1086x1536-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/cases\/building-with-nature-in-delta-cities-dordrecht-and-rotterdam-nl\/planning-and-design-phase\/stadswerven-biesbosch-1086x1536\/\" class=\"wp-image-9780\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/stadswerven-biesbosch-1086x1536-1-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/stadswerven-biesbosch-1086x1536-1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/stadswerven-biesbosch-1086x1536-1-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/stadswerven-biesbosch-1086x1536-1.jpg 1086w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Provisional design Wervenpark Dordrecht (Jansen, 2015)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"357\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/image2018-4-24-191219.png\" alt=\"Impression of the tidal park in Dordrecht\" class=\"wp-image-2878\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/image2018-4-24-191219.png 624w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/image2018-4-24-191219-300x172.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><figcaption><em>Impression of the tidal park in Dordrecht (provisional design) (source: Municipality of Dordrecht).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To protect the tidal area against erosion by waves generated by passing ships it was planned to leave the existing foundation piles of the slipway in place as bank protection.&nbsp;However, during the excavation for the creation of the tidal area, it was found that no foundation piles were present even though they were shown on old construction drawings of the slipway. Therefore, other options for natural shore protection had to be explored during the construction phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Options for realising a swimming zone at the Wervenpark or in its direct surroundings were investigated. However, the&nbsp;flow velocity and the waves in de Merwede due to passing ships result in unacceptable safety risks. Therefore,&nbsp;the&nbsp;option for a swimming zone&nbsp;was cancelled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides designs for the Wervenpark, also conceptual designs were made for a hybrid shoreline (combination of hard and soft materials) along the residential area where space is limited. These designs were found not feasible at the moment, but will be reconsidered at the moment that the present shoreline needs to be replaced for maintenance purposes, or in the future when new housing blocks will be realised.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, an \u2018underwater dam\u2019 with dead tree trunks was designed to be constructed along the shoreline of the harbour next to the Wervenpark. This dam would provide living area for fauna&nbsp;and would break waves in front of the vegetated shoreline. However, this design is currently&nbsp;not feasible as the long term ambitions for the harbour are uncertain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/image2018-4-24-19203.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/image2018-4-24-192015.png\" alt=\"Design for a hybrid shoreline (up) and 'dam' constructed with dead tree trunks (currently not implemented) \" \/><figcaption><em>Design for a hybrid shoreline (up) and &#8216;dam&#8217;&nbsp;constructed with dead tree trunks&nbsp;(currently not implemented) (source: unknown).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Current state of the design<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the moment (June, 2018), a provisional design (\u2018voorlopig ontwerp\u2019) of a barrier along the sides of the Wervenpark (reinforced ground with side wall) lies with the client for approval. There is a proposal from the client to investigate in more detail the refurbishment of the ramps and the costs of this option. The park layout will only be realised after the realisation of (directly) adjacent housing blocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pilot Mallegatpark<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A tidal channel will be constructed in the Nieuwe Maas in connection with the recently redesigned Mallegatpark (Van den Berg, 2018).&nbsp;The purpose of this tidal channel is to increase the spatial quality and natural value of the park and its surroundings. In the project, an extra dam along the bank will be constructed. This break dam has higher and lower parts allowing partial flooding of the area behind the barrier. Sedimentation will take place at the lee-side providing new habitat for tidal nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Mallegatpark.png\" alt=\"Impression of the Mallegatpark tidal park during low tide (top) and high tide (bottom) \" \/><figcaption><em>Impression of the Mallegatpark tidal park during low tide (top) and high tide (bottom) (source: Van den Berg, 2018, image from the Municipality of Rotterdam).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Mallegatpark-doorsnede.png\" alt=\"Cross-section of the Mallegatpark tidal park\" \/><figcaption><em>Cross-section&nbsp;of the Mallegatpark tidal park&nbsp;(source: De Urbanisten, 2016, image from&nbsp;the Municipality of&nbsp;Rotterdam).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Mallegatpark-Technische-tekening.png\" alt=\"Technical drawing of the Mallegatpark tidal park\" \/><figcaption>Technical drawing of<em>&nbsp;the Mallegatpark tidal park&nbsp;(source: De Urbanisten, 2016, image from&nbsp;the Municipality of&nbsp;Rotterdam).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pilot Nassauhaven<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Alongside the existing Nassauhavenpark, a nature friendly riverbank is constructed along with the development of 18 floating houses (project \u201cHavenloft\u201d) in the Nassauhaven (Van den Berg, 2018). The goal of the nature friendly river bank is to increase the experimental and natural value of the park and harbour and to contribute to ecological processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The nature friendly river bank has a basis consisting of grey rock. In the tidal zone, the slope of this armoured surface is more gentle and a clay layer is added to\/mixed with this rock basis. This gentle surface provides a good&nbsp;substrate for plants to&nbsp;grow.<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Nassauhaven_impressionVandenBerg-2018.png\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Nassauhaven_oeverdesignDevries2016.png\" alt=\"Location of the Nassauhaven project (top), impression of the nature friendly river bank and floating houses (middle) and technical design of the river bank (bottom).\" \/><figcaption><em>Location of the Nassauhaven project (top), impression of the nature friendly river bank and floating houses (middle) and&nbsp;technical design of the river bank (bottom). Images (adapted) from Van den Berg, 2018 (top) and De Urbanisten, 2016&nbsp;(image from&nbsp;the Municipality of&nbsp;Rotterdam) (bottom).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the beginning of the exploration&nbsp;phase, typical elements within a river system were linked to Building with Nature-type interventions (see table) to inspire urban designers and landscape architects in the first phases of the projects. Later on, during a system analysis, the physical and ecological processes that direct the design considerations were taken into account [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":3420,"menu_order":30,"template":"","landscape":[],"technology-readiness_-level":[],"class_list":["post-5030","project","type-project","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Planning and design - EcoShape<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/cases\/building-with-nature-in-delta-cities-dordrecht-and-rotterdam-nl\/planning-and-design-phase\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Planning and design\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the beginning of the exploration&nbsp;phase, typical elements within a river system were linked to Building with Nature-type interventions (see table) to inspire urban designers and landscape architects in the first phases of the projects. Later on, during a system analysis, the physical and ecological processes that direct the design considerations were taken into account [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/cases\/building-with-nature-in-delta-cities-dordrecht-and-rotterdam-nl\/planning-and-design-phase\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EcoShape - EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/209018792453642\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-16T09:50:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/Nassauhaven_impressionVandenBerg-2018.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ecoshapeBwn\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ecoshape.org\\\/en\\\/cases\\\/building-with-nature-in-delta-cities-dordrecht-and-rotterdam-nl\\\/planning-and-design-phase\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ecoshape.org\\\/en\\\/cases\\\/building-with-nature-in-delta-cities-dordrecht-and-rotterdam-nl\\\/planning-and-design-phase\\\/\",\"name\":\"Planning and design - 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