{"id":8199,"date":"2020-07-28T09:54:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T07:54:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/?page_id=8199"},"modified":"2021-02-02T09:24:08","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T08:24:08","slug":"riversestuaries","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/landscapes\/riversestuaries\/","title":{"rendered":"Rivers and Estuaries"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"landscape\">Landscape<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"concept-diagramblock_5f3e516e3329a\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-inner alignwide\">\n\n            <div class=\"block-concept-diagram-figure\">\n\n            <div data-button=\"0\" style=\"top: 23%; left: 10%\" class=\"pulsating-circle\"><\/div><div data-text=\"0\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-text\"><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-inner\">Clay ripening and consolidation is a means to beneficially use dredge fine sediment, for example to construct or upgrade coastal protection in the area.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/concepts\/clay-ripening-and-consolidation\/\">More info<\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-button=\"1\" style=\"top: 35%; left: 13%\" class=\"pulsating-circle\"><\/div><div data-text=\"1\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-text\"><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-inner\">Nature corridors are important conduits that connect, protect and improve existing ecosystems.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/concepts\/restoring-connections\/\">More info<\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-button=\"2\" style=\"top: 49%; left: 18%\" class=\"pulsating-circle\"><\/div><div data-text=\"2\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-text\"><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-inner\">Vegetated foreshores improve dike resilience and enhance flood defenses while at the same provide esthetic value and room for nature.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/concepts\/integrating-vegetated-foreshores\/\">More info<\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-button=\"3\" style=\"top: 52%; left: 32%\" class=\"pulsating-circle\"><\/div><div data-text=\"3\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-text\"><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-inner\">Strategically placing dredged sediments can stimulate the growth of an ecosystem, make a coast more resilient and reduce dredging costs.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/concepts\/strategically-placing-mud\/\">More info<\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-button=\"4\" style=\"top: 35%; left: 33%\" class=\"pulsating-circle\"><\/div><div data-text=\"4\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-text\"><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-inner\">Constructing nature islands can beneficially influence sediment transport patterns, improve the overall health of the ecosystem and create new nature for plants, birds and other animals.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/concepts\/constructing-nature-islands\/\">More info<\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-button=\"5\" style=\"top: 28%; left: 70%\" class=\"pulsating-circle\"><\/div><div data-text=\"5\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-text\"><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-inner\">Strategic realignment of the shoreline can be a cost-effective strategy to reduce flooding, expand flood storage, anticipate sea level rise and create opportunities for wetland development.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/concepts\/managing-coastal-retreat-realignment\/\">More info<\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-button=\"6\" style=\"top: 68%; left: 83%\" class=\"pulsating-circle\"><\/div><div data-text=\"6\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-text\"><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-inner\">Secondary channels increase the flood conveyance capacity of rivers, support habitat development and can enhance the natural, recreational, and cultural value of the riverine landscape.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/concepts\/constructing-secondary-channels\/\">More info<\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-button=\"7\" style=\"top: 78%; left: 85%\" class=\"pulsating-circle\"><\/div><div data-text=\"7\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-text\"><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-button-inner\">Wetland forests in front of traditional earthen barriers can reduce wave heights, thereby reducing flood risk, while at the same time providing habitat value and supporting biodiversity.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/concepts\/establishing-wetland-forests\/\">More info<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/200724_BoC_Rivers_Estuaries_render.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/200724_BoC_Rivers_Estuaries_render.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/200724_BoC_Rivers_Estuaries_render-300x249.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/200724_BoC_Rivers_Estuaries_render-1024x849.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/200724_BoC_Rivers_Estuaries_render-768x636.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/200724_BoC_Rivers_Estuaries_render-1536x1273.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/200724_BoC_Rivers_Estuaries_render-1200x995.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/>        <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"concept-diagram-thumbnails\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnails\">\n                <div data-thumbnail=\"0\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/18_RipeningSediment_200423-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"clay ripening\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/18_RipeningSediment_200423-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/18_RipeningSediment_200423-839x1024.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/18_RipeningSediment_200423-768x938.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/18_RipeningSediment_200423-1258x1536.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/18_RipeningSediment_200423-1677x2048.jpg 1677w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/18_RipeningSediment_200423-1200x1465.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/18_RipeningSediment_200423-1980x2417.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-title\">Clay ripening and consolidation<\/div><\/div><div data-thumbnail=\"1\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/23_RestoringConnections_200622-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"restoring connections BwN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/23_RestoringConnections_200622-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/23_RestoringConnections_200622-839x1024.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/23_RestoringConnections_200622-768x938.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/23_RestoringConnections_200622-1258x1536.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/23_RestoringConnections_200622-1677x2048.jpg 1677w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/23_RestoringConnections_200622-1200x1465.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/23_RestoringConnections_200622-1980x2417.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-title\">Restoring connections<\/div><\/div><div data-thumbnail=\"2\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/11_NaturalForeshores_200410-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"natural foreshore BwN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/11_NaturalForeshores_200410-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/11_NaturalForeshores_200410-839x1024.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/11_NaturalForeshores_200410-768x938.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/11_NaturalForeshores_200410-1258x1536.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/11_NaturalForeshores_200410-1677x2048.jpg 1677w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/11_NaturalForeshores_200410-1200x1465.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/11_NaturalForeshores_200410-1980x2417.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-title\">Integrating vegetated foreshores<\/div><\/div><div data-thumbnail=\"3\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/17_PlacingMud_200623-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"strategically placing mud\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/17_PlacingMud_200623-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/17_PlacingMud_200623-839x1024.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/17_PlacingMud_200623-768x938.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/17_PlacingMud_200623-1258x1536.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/17_PlacingMud_200623-1677x2048.jpg 1677w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/17_PlacingMud_200623-1200x1465.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/17_PlacingMud_200623-1980x2417.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-title\">Strategically placing fine sediment<\/div><\/div><div data-thumbnail=\"4\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/13_ConstructIslands_200409-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Nature islands BwN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/13_ConstructIslands_200409-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/13_ConstructIslands_200409-839x1024.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/13_ConstructIslands_200409-768x938.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/13_ConstructIslands_200409-1258x1536.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/13_ConstructIslands_200409-1677x2048.jpg 1677w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/13_ConstructIslands_200409-1200x1465.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/13_ConstructIslands_200409-1980x2417.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-title\">Constructing nature islands<\/div><\/div><div data-thumbnail=\"5\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/20_Managing-coastal-retreat_200417-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"managed realignment BwN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/20_Managing-coastal-retreat_200417-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/20_Managing-coastal-retreat_200417-839x1024.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/20_Managing-coastal-retreat_200417-768x938.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/20_Managing-coastal-retreat_200417-1258x1536.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/20_Managing-coastal-retreat_200417-1677x2048.jpg 1677w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/20_Managing-coastal-retreat_200417-1200x1465.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/20_Managing-coastal-retreat_200417-1980x2417.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-title\">Managing coastal retreat\/realignment<\/div><\/div><div data-thumbnail=\"6\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/27_SecondaryChannels_200625-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"secondary channel river\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/27_SecondaryChannels_200625-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/27_SecondaryChannels_200625-839x1024.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/27_SecondaryChannels_200625-768x938.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/27_SecondaryChannels_200625-1258x1536.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/27_SecondaryChannels_200625-1677x2048.jpg 1677w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/27_SecondaryChannels_200625-1200x1465.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/27_SecondaryChannels_200625-1980x2417.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-title\">Constructing secondary channels<\/div><\/div><div data-thumbnail=\"7\" class=\"block-concept-diagram-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/07_Willow_200630-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"wetland forests BwN\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/07_Willow_200630-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/07_Willow_200630-839x1024.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/07_Willow_200630-768x938.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/07_Willow_200630-1258x1536.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/07_Willow_200630-1677x2048.jpg 1677w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/07_Willow_200630-1200x1465.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/07_Willow_200630-1980x2417.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><div class=\"block-concept-diagram-title\">Establishing wetland forests<\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\n    .pulsating-circle {\n        position: absolute;\n        left: 50%;\n        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These waterways and water bodies provide important access for transportation and trade. Rivers originate from groundwater sources, excess precipitation, and snow melt and convey not only sediment, nutrients, and seeds, but also pollutants and waste. Processes of erosion and sedimentation give shape to alluvial rivers and estuaries and support ecosystem continuums that are connected and continuously evolving. Estuaries are brackish tidal environments that comprise the transitional zone between fresh river waters and salty oceans and seas. Constantly in flux, these landscapes are biologically potent because of the interplay of salt and freshwater flows; their gradients yield high biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rivers and estuaries today have often suppressed natural dynamics. Rivers have been confined and estuarine areas have been reclaimed; the transition from water to land has been fixed. Experience demonstrates that hard engineering interventions in rivers and estuaries provide short-term local solutions and human benefits, but often lead to later problems upstream or downstream. Building with Nature aims to optimize the human benefits of intervention while using the fluvial and estuarine system sustainably. River training can be reconsidered and aimed at restoring river corridors by reestablishing connectivity and creating space for flooding. Foreshores and salt marshes address similar issues in estuaries. Expanded natural space enhances local and regional recreational opportunities while improving riverine and estuarine ecosystems. Fish migrate and spawn once again and the landscape provides habitat for birds and other species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"ecological-benefits\">Ecological Benefits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rivers and estuaries are connected and productive environments with numerous habitat types. Habitats vary due to temporal and physical differences in water depth, flow velocity, and inundation frequency, as well as biological factors. Dynamics and gradients in nutrient concentration, sediment load, temperature, and salinity sustain diverse ecosystems. Structural interventions influence sediment and morphological characteristics, altering the river corridor ecosystem. In the upper reaches of river deltas, basin ecology determines the residence time of precipitation water before it enters river branches, whereas in lower reaches, tidal rivers facilitate the transition from fluvial to estuarine environments, with freshwater giving way to brackish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"917\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/09\/200826_01_Rivers-Estuaries_Ecological-Benefits-ONE-1024x917.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/09\/200826_01_Rivers-Estuaries_Ecological-Benefits-ONE-1024x917.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/09\/200826_01_Rivers-Estuaries_Ecological-Benefits-ONE-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/09\/200826_01_Rivers-Estuaries_Ecological-Benefits-ONE-768x688.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/09\/200826_01_Rivers-Estuaries_Ecological-Benefits-ONE-1536x1375.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/09\/200826_01_Rivers-Estuaries_Ecological-Benefits-ONE-1200x1075.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/09\/200826_01_Rivers-Estuaries_Ecological-Benefits-ONE-1980x1773.jpg 1980w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/09\/200826_01_Rivers-Estuaries_Ecological-Benefits-ONE.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"places-to-live\">Places to live, work and visit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of humankind&#8217;s earliest civilizations formed on the banks of rivers and edges of estuaries. The fertile lands enabled agricultural production while the bodies of water gave access to fisheries. Over time, rivers provided an important means of transportation and formed natural boundaries for military defense and jurisdictional delineation. Waterways enabled early trade and are indeed the origin of globalization. During the Industrial Revolution, mills and factories harnessed water flow to generate power for their operations. Many cultures ascribe spiritual value to rivers and take aesthetic and cultural inspiration from their coursing waters, making rivers the backbone of both cultural heritage and modern urban identity. Economic development and spatial planning practices today shape rivers and estuaries, and their floodplains. These waterbodies may create challenges in the form of floods, waste accumulation, odors, and disease. Yet they also bring significant benefits through biodiversity, recreational amenity, and opportunities for trade and business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"917\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_02_Rivers_Estuaries_LiveWorkVisit-1024x917.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_02_Rivers_Estuaries_LiveWorkVisit-1024x917.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_02_Rivers_Estuaries_LiveWorkVisit-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_02_Rivers_Estuaries_LiveWorkVisit-768x688.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_02_Rivers_Estuaries_LiveWorkVisit-1536x1376.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_02_Rivers_Estuaries_LiveWorkVisit-2048x1834.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_02_Rivers_Estuaries_LiveWorkVisit-1200x1075.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_02_Rivers_Estuaries_LiveWorkVisit-1980x1773.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"resource-flows\">Resource Flows<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The fundamental characteristic of rivers is the continuous movement of water, which flows due to gravitational forces. This movement is sometimes hastened with embankments or dikes and slowed only by the friction that vegetation, hard structures, and the riverbed itself exert. In concept, the interplay between water, sediment, and vegetation determines the shape of the river and its evolving form and floodplain. In practice, human interventions such as dikes and dams together with climate change and subsidence determine the shape of watercourses today and in the future. In estuaries, fresh and saltwater flows are subject to tidal influences, which cause turbulent conditions and horizontal fresh-salt gradients. Estuaries respond and adapt to changes in salinity and inundation as water levels rise and fall, and during seasonal cycles and flood events. Intervention in these landscapes requires a thorough understanding of systems and sediment management to provide both human and natural benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"917\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_03_Rivers_Estuaries_ResourceFlows-1024x917.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_03_Rivers_Estuaries_ResourceFlows-1024x917.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_03_Rivers_Estuaries_ResourceFlows-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_03_Rivers_Estuaries_ResourceFlows-768x688.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_03_Rivers_Estuaries_ResourceFlows-1536x1376.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_03_Rivers_Estuaries_ResourceFlows-2048x1834.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_03_Rivers_Estuaries_ResourceFlows-1200x1075.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_03_Rivers_Estuaries_ResourceFlows-1980x1773.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"intergrated-approach\">Integrated Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rivers and estuaries not only express the conditions of their immediate location, but also their catchment areas and interactions with the coast. Most major rivers around the world have been altered along their course, and are no longer free-flowing. Any project today must rely on analyses of spatial and timescale impacts related to landscape intervention and start from a critical understanding of the interaction between natural systems and the applied Building with Nature technology. Some elements of this interaction include sediment transport, morphological processes, salinity flows, extreme events and their effects (flood, rain, drought), as well as native and functional plant species, and underlying ecologies. Building with Nature fundamentally differs from traditional hydraulic infrastructure as it focuses on larger-scale approaches while addressing specific features. A combination of observation, analysis, and predictive quantitative modeling is crucial to grasp the multi-dimensional reality of any environment; this process calls for experts from diverse backgrounds. The evolution of the Dutch river management approach reflects this need: it has moved away from traditional engineering approaches, via Room for the River, and toward further integrating river management into practice. While project objectives may differ, they aim to balance all functions of the river system, including the ecosystem by restoring natural processes and mitigating damage inflicted by past land use, the structural modification of waterways, and sediment mining activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"917\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_04_Rivers_Estuaries_Integrated-1024x917.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_04_Rivers_Estuaries_Integrated-1024x917.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_04_Rivers_Estuaries_Integrated-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_04_Rivers_Estuaries_Integrated-768x688.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_04_Rivers_Estuaries_Integrated-1536x1376.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_04_Rivers_Estuaries_Integrated-2048x1834.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_04_Rivers_Estuaries_Integrated-1200x1075.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/201026_04_Rivers_Estuaries_Integrated-1980x1773.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-details\">The Details<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Get more insight in the driving physical and natural processes that shape rivers and estuaries, and all the benefits these landscapes create by visiting our in-depth landscape description of <a href=\"\/en\/?page_id=6590\">rivers<\/a> and <a href=\"\/en\/?page_id=6560\">estuaries<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"quote-block_5f8fd8c67acc1\" class=\"block-quote alignfull \">\n    <div class=\"block-quote-inner block-quote-inner--green\">\n\n                    <div class=\"block-quote-body block-quote-fixed-height\">\n                <div class=\"block-quote-text h-center v-center  \">\n                    <div class=\"block-quote-title\">\n                        <div class=\"block-quote-title-inner\">\n                            &apos;There&#039;s no way that we can accomplish our goals regarding the Paris Accord or sustainable development without nature-based infrastructure&apos;\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"block-quote-name\">&#8211; Oshani Perera<\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n    .block-quote {\n        margin-bottom: 0;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-inner--blue {\n        background: #78B9CC;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-inner--brown {\n        background: #B4A798;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-inner--green {\n        background: #84BA8F;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-inner--orange {\n        background: #F18261;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-inner--rose {\n        background: #E2B7AE;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-inner--white {\n        background: #fff;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-inner--yellow {\n        background: #EAD26E;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-fixed-height {\n        height: 50vh;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-text {\n        display: flex;\n        position: relative;\n        justify-content: center;\n        align-items: center;\n        width: 100%;\n        max-width: 168rem;\n        height: 100%;\n        padding: 5rem;\n        margin: auto;\n    }\n\n    .with-image .block-quote-body {\n        padding-top: 0;\n        padding-bottom: 0;\n        height: 100%;\n    }\n\n    .with-image .block-quote-inner {\n        height: 75vh;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-figure {\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        right: 0;\n        left: 0;\n        overflow: hidden;\n        z-index: 1;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-figure img {\n        object-fit: cover;\n        height: 100%;\n        width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-title-inner {\n        color: #111;\n        font-size: 30px;\n        font-weight: 900;\n        position: relative;\n        line-height: 1.2em;\n        z-index: 2;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-name {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        color: #111;\n        position: relative;\n        z-index: 2;\n        margin-top: 1em;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-text.h-right {\n        justify-content: flex-end;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-text.h-left {\n        justify-content: left;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-text.v-top {\n        align-items: flex-start;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-text.v-bottom {\n        align-items: flex-end;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-text.h-left .block-quote-title {\n        text-align: left;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-text.h-right .block-quote-title {\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-text.h-center .block-quote-title {\n        text-align: center;\n    }\n\n    @media (min-width: 576px) {\n        .block-quote-title-inner {\n            font-size: 40px;\n        }\n    }\n\n    @media (min-width: 768px) {\n        .block-quote-title-inner {\n            font-size: 50px;\n        }\n    }\n\n    @media (min-width: 992px) {\n        .block-quote-title-inner {\n            font-size: 60px;\n        }\n    }\n\n    @media (min-width: 1400px) {\n        .block-quote-title-inner {\n            font-size: 70px;\n        }\n    }\n\n    .block-quote-panel {\n        -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(.25rem);\n        backdrop-filter: blur(.25rem);\n        height: 50%;\n        position: absolute;\n        bottom: 0;\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n        justify-content: center;\n        right: 0;\n        left: 0;\n        background: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);\n        z-index: 1;\n    }\n\n\n<\/style>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Landscape The fertile land along rivers and estuaries has sustained human settlement since the earliest civilizations. These waterways and water bodies provide important access for transportation and trade. Rivers originate from groundwater sources, excess precipitation, and snow melt and convey not only sediment, nutrients, and seeds, but also pollutants and waste. Processes of erosion and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7276,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-landscape.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8199","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rivers and Estuaries - EcoShape<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoshape.org\/en\/landscapes\/riversestuaries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rivers and Estuaries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Landscape The fertile land along rivers and estuaries has sustained human settlement since the earliest civilizations. These waterways and water bodies provide important access for transportation and trade. Rivers originate from groundwater sources, excess precipitation, and snow melt and convey not only sediment, nutrients, and seeds, but also pollutants and waste. 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